Holding Wing Strut Ends Square While Drilling

Source: 2025 Q4 Beartracks, George Huntington

HOLDING WING STRUT ENDS SQUARE WHILE DRILLING
Make a spacer block that fits into the flat inner area of the strut. Leave enough space for a support. I used a piece of 1/8, 2024 that sticks out to support the strut while drilling and keep it 90 degrees to the drill bit.
Draw a straight line down the center of the flat part of the strut, on the outside of the strut, for hole spacing layout. Use aluminum sheet as spacers to get the strut fitting to sit flat to the inner spacer and the inside of the strut flat surface. This will ensure the strut fitting is the same angle as the inner flat portion of the strut. Clamp it all together once fitted to the wing and fuselage. Look into the predrilled holes of the fitting (which are smaller than final size) and verify that you are in line with the center line mark. I drilled one side first, then installed the fitting into the strut using pins, and then finished drilling the other side from the existing holes. The last step was to final-drill all holes to the correct bolt size.

Fairings

The wing root fairings are nothing more than flat strips shaped to follow and lap the wing root rib and slightly overlap the cabin structure on the top and not-quite-touch the fuselage on the bottom. The top fairing will be attached to the wing and to the steel fuselage tube. The bottom fairings are attached to the wing but not the fuselage.

Fairing Shape
The easiest way to work out the shape of the fairings is with posterboard available in the school supply section of your local grocery store. The fairings will be in three pieces: one in the front and one top and bottom. The front piece will run back almost to the spar and the top and bottom pieces will run off the trailing edge where they can be screwed together. Or, if you want to eliminate the unsightly joint at the back, you can make them out of four pieces with the fourth piece being a folded trailing edge piece that goes about a foot up the back of the joint, top and bottom.
The fairings will be joined to the wings with #6 PK screws and Tinnerman nuts, or machine screws and nutplates. The edge that bears against the airplane will have rubber “J” molding glued on the edges to protect the fabric.

Use grocery store poster paper to make patterns for the wing root fairings. Once you have the shape worked out, make the fairings out of .025 aluminum and fasten them to the wing root with Tinnerman nuts and PK screws, or nutplates at every third rivet. Where the windshield hits the wing, there will be some funky intersect angles, so don’t plan on putting screws all the way around he leading edge, as there will be gaps under the fairing.

Strut Fairings
The lower strut fairings aren’t screwed to anything. Their shape holds them in place. The gear fairing is screwed to the gear leg only Looking up at the bottom of the aileron hinge cut-out on the aileron. Tail of airplane is at top of the picture. A flat fairing is made with an inspection hole for the bolts.



The latest kits include upper and lower fiberglass strut fairings. If you will be making your own, the upper end of the strut can be nothing more than flat wrap aluminum. Neither of the fairings, top or bottom, are fastened to the strut in any way. The shape and strut-attach bolts locate them. These fairings are just one of many places in the Bearhawk where giving some thought to streamlining will net out free speed. Small details like those exposed bolt heads create drag and can add up.

Making the Struts

Prepare the struts with these steps:

Install the Wings
You can’t make the struts until you’ve finished this step.
With the wings in place, you’ll be able to measure for strut length. If you are building a Model B 4-Place, you won’t be trimming the struts at all. For an original 4-Place, you might end up needing to trim to around 79.25 inches, but measure first (twice) and be sure to allow for 1.5” between the attach bolt holes and the end of the strut as depicted on the plans.
If you do end up trimming the strut, make the cut square so your subsequent measurements are accurate. Whatever method you use (chop saw, horizontal hacksaw, hand hacksaw) make sure you are working to a line you marked all the way around the strut. Use a fine point felt marker. After trimming the struts go back and smooth the cut surface, first with files, then with sand paper or Scotchbrite. Make sure any burrs left from cutting are gone. Sharp edges and burrs are all stress risers that could potentially become fatigue cracks.

Mark Centerlines
Mark a centerline on the outside of both sides of the strut at both ends. This line should be lined up with the center of the flat spots on the inside of the struts.

Squeeze the Struts Snug to Fittings
The internal dimension of the strut material is slightly wider than the fittings so the last 8 inches at the ends of the struts must be squeezed down so the fittings will slide in with a snug fit. This is normal with struts on many aircraft. The squeezing will be done in a vice with a piece of hardwood on both sides of the strut to keep from leaving marks and to keep the pressure even.
Make certain the strut is square in the vice, as indicated by the flat spots on the inside of the strut, before squeezing.
Make up a spacer that’s about 3/16” thinner than the fittings and insert inside the strut while squeezing. This is to make sure the flat surfaces inside the strut remain parallel. Just tighten the vice until the opening is a little too small to let the fitting slide in. Release the pressure on the vice and see how much the strut springs back by sliding the fitting in. Keep repeating that process until, with no pressure on the vice, the fittings slide in with a snug fit. We don’t want them so tight we have to hammer them in as that could leave marks and distort the aluminum fittings.

Sequence of Events to Come:
To determine where the fittings will be positioned in the struts and to get ready to drill the holes, we’re going to bolt the fittings to the fuselage and wing attach points and clamp the strut to the fittings with the fittings laying on the top surface of the strut. The fittings will be outside of the tube, alongside the tube. This works as long as both fittings are outside of the tube. In other words, after drilling the bottom fitting, don’t insert it into the tube before drilling the top fitting, since that will alter the geometry.
The holes in the fuselage end fitting (bottom of the strut) are to be parallel to the centerline of the strut, but the top one has a slight angle relative to the centerline. We’ll first determine the position of the bottom fitting, drill and bolt it in place on the outside of the strut and then finalize the position of the top fitting before final drilling it. This operation will involve a few iterations of assembly and disassembly. Use plain or castelated nuts for these steps, and use fresh nylon lock nuts for the final assembly.

With the struts prepared, it is time to locate them precisely.
Put the spacer blocks back inside each end of the strut so sufficient clamping force can be exerted without crushing the strut.
Install the fittings to the fuselage and wings using their single large bolts and clamp the struts to the bottom of them. We’ll position and drill the bottom fitting first. With the strut clamped to the fittings, move it lengthwise until it is centered between the bolts. That should leave 1.5” between each strut end and the respective bolt. Using a very fine point Sharpie, mark a line across each fitting where the strut crosses it. This line will serve as a reference for how deep the fitting goes into the strut, and also the angle relative to the strut (top fitting). Make sure each clamp is tight and remove the strut.
If using a drill press make sure everything is level and square.

Drill Preliminary Bottom Fitting Holes
Center the bottom fitting with the strut centerline going through the center of the holes. Make certain the lengthwise position is correct as indicated by the line previously marked on the fitting. Clamp tightly and recheck alignment. Double check that the face of the fitting is parallel to the flats inside the strut. Be careful: it is very easy to clamp the fitting at a slight angle on the strut because of the curved surface. Before drilling any holes, check and double check that the fitting is parallel to the flats. Otherwise, your first holes will be at a slight angle, which will result in a twisted strut that can’t be installed on the airplane.
Use two clamps to hold it in place, leaving access to the hole closest to the outboard end of the fitting for drilling. Drill the first hole through one surface only, not through the entire strut, and put a bolt through the one side and reach in side to put a nut on it. Snug it down. Recheck it for alignment, re-clamp and drill the last hole inboard. Put a bolt in it and snug it down. The bottom fitting is now secured to one side of the strut with two bolts and we can do the top fitting.

Drill Preliminary Top Fitting Holes
As a last minute check to make sure nothing moved, put the strut back up on the airplane with the bottom fitting bolted to the outside of the strut and the top fitting still clamped to the outside. Re-check dihedral measurement. This is the last chance you’ll have to correct anything. Re-check the line you drew across the top fitting. If it’s not right, correct it.
Remove the strut. Verify that a central hole is located over the centerline that you marked lengthwise on the strut, and ensure that the fitting hasn’t changed position lengthwise, as indicated by the line across the fitting. Drill one hole through one side of the strut as we did before, and install and tighten a nut inside the strut. Drill a second hole and install a second nut, and put the strut back up on the airplane. If everything is right, you now have a strut that has both fittings bolted alongside it with two bolts. Repeat this process on both sides of the airplane continually checking and rechecking the dihedral.

Drill One Side
Once both struts have the fittings secured with two bolts, go ahead and drill the rest of the holes through one side of the struts only. Before taking everything apart, make identifying marks on both the fittings and the struts so you can easily determine which fitting goes with which strut and what direction they were facing when they were drilled.

Drill the Rest of the Holes
Take everything apart. Reach inside the struts with 320 grit paper and knock down any burrs from the drilling operation.
Slide the fittings inside the struts and index them in position with a couple of bolts (the bolts can’t go all the way through the strut because there are no holes on the other side yet). Firmly clamp down on the middle of the fitting between the two outboard holes. Make the clamps are tight enough to pull the strut together forcefully so that the flats inside the strut lay flat on the fittings. Drill completely through the strut in the the open holes, put bolts in those holes and through the struts. Put nuts on them and tighten them up, then drill the other holes.

It is not necessary to use a drill press to drill the holes all the way through the strut. In fact, it is highly advisable that a clamp be placed between the two outboard holes and tightened as much as possible. With locating bolts in the outboard holes, this guarantees that the fitting squares up with the flats inside. Then, when the two outside holes are drilled and bolted, they hold the fitting square so the balance of the holes can be through-drilled.
Once all the holes are drilled, disassemble again and clean out the inside with 320 and Scotchbrite. Outside of the strut, lightly camber the outside edges of the drilled holes by twirling a large diameter bit in the holes with your fingers. You want to just barely break the edges.
You’re ready to bolt them together permanently. Congratulations on a job well done! Your wings are now ready to be attached for good, any time you choose.

Strut Fairing With Taxi/Landing Light

Source: 2016 Q2 Beartracks, Larry Sullivan
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I wired my Bearhawk N460K (first flight, May 2015) for an AeroLED Micro-Sun landing light to be placed at the right wing strut. This required a single 20-guage shielded wire from the panel to the top of the strut. This Spring I finally decided to mount it. I really had not thought out the mounting details at all.
I originally had planned to make a fiberglass strut fairing and incorporate the light into that but as I worked with foam to try to create a mold it became clear it would be very difficult. I would have to cut it to be able to take it off and on. Making adjustment to the direction of the light would be difficult and the whole thing would be bulky and heavy.
There was a PA-12 Super Cub in my hanger and one day while I was struggling with the foam mold I looked over and saw that it had an aluminum fairing in the same location. They were much smaller since it has two struts on each side but I thought perhaps I could rig something up similarly for my Bearhawk.
I removed the PA12 fairing, which was held on with three small screws, and laid it out on my table. I then began to copy the same shape to fit my larger strut. I made a number of cardboard templates and began to refine the size and shape. Once I had one that fit well I began to play with the light placement so that it would fit inside. I was able to make an adjustable bracket for the light, and mount it with two bolts and a backing plate to the lower wing surface just inside the strut attachment point so that it did not touch the fairing. My wire came through the skin just behind the strut, again, well within the fairing.
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I practiced some taxiing with the light mounted and it seems to light across the nose and forward enough to be effective for taxiing. Once the position of the light was established, I then cut a hole in the fairing and mounted some 0.016” Lexan with small screws and a backing plate.
Overall, I’m very pleased with the finished product. I don’t know if I’ve gained any cruise speed, but I haven’t lost any and they look great. I’m not sure it would really be enough to land in a non-lighted field. I might run a wire to the left wing next year!
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1998 Wing Strut Material Update

Source: 1998 Beartracks, Bob Barrows

As mentioned in past issues of the newsletter, we have been involved in obtaining new strut material for use on your BEARHAWK project. This endeavor was initiated due to many builders request.

We have designed and purchased an extrusion die so as to produce the strut shown.

The struts are made from aluminum alloy 6061-T6 and heat treated per. spec. Our supplier has provided us with chemical and mechanical certifications for each lot ordered.

We have also designed new aluminum strut end fittings that can be bolted to the strut material. We can supply this NEW strut material and the drawings for the end fittings for shipment inside and outside the U.S.A. Contact R&B Aircraft for details. Continue reading