Notes About Making the Fiberglass Windshield Fairing

Source: 2026 Issue 1 Beartracks, David Kragnes

Finally got to windshield install. Thought I might have some tips.
I have built 3 boats, don’t ask why I spent time on something that doesn’t fly, so when I got to the lay up of the windshield faring I thought I might have some worthwhile tips. The plans lay out good advice for prep of the windshield and cowling. 
I have used System Three so my thoughts focus on that type of epoxy. I believe West Systems behaves much the same. Once you have the windshield in place and the area taped and waxed, mix up about 1/5 cup of epoxy, the bottom 1/3 of an empty beverage can is the perfect mixing cup, plan ahead you don’t want to have to stop the process to empty more mixing cups, have the cut cloth strips and a 1 inch stiff bristle brush ready. Wear rubber disposable gloves. 
You don’t need to make a big mess. Lightly paint epoxy down the center of the area, press the first layer of dry cloth on the damp surface then use the stiff brush to stipple, dab a little at a time, epoxy into the cloth only wetting till it is clear. You want to see the weave. Remember the cloth is the strength so keep it as dry as you can and have the cloth turn clear. Now in a 70ish degree shop wait 2 hours. You can save the brush in a can soaking in MEK. 
Mix the next batch and repeat. Inside a day the epoxy will bond and letting it set a little will make the next layer easier. If you catch it just as it is firm but tacky, shop temperature will dictate the time. the next layer will stick nicely in place for you to stipple. Dry is good but cloth should go clear with no bubbles underneath, again being in the right time frame makes it easier as you can push down a bump if it is cottage cheese or so consistency. Start early in a day and this will all time out nicely. 
When you are happy with the number of layers again give it a couple hours. Now since you have been a good craftsman the last layer looks like you can see the weave, as you start sanding you don’t want the first thing cut to be the cloth (reducing strength), so mix a little epoxy with thickener, micro balloons or wood flour, till you have thin peanut butter, and paint a nice smooth finish on the surface. This will give a nice layer to do less sanding on. 

Updates from Bob, 2021 Q2

There have been two recent safety updates. The first was a minor drafting error in the flap hinge, which impacted the Model B 4-Place, Patrol, Companion and Five, and was distributed in April. This photo shows the revision:

There is also a new update released 6/28/2021, which will also show up at bearhawksafety.com in the coming days. This is an Engineering Change that relates to the way the covering is tucked into the channel at the top of the windshield.
Bob’s instructions are, “Fabric attachment at top of fuselage to windshield mounting frame channel- A few aircraft have had fabric come loose. As shown is a good way to glue in place.”

If your fuselage is already covered and isn’t routed as shown in the update, he says, “If it has been flying for a while, it should be fine, but it is something that we need to let people know about.” Bob also brings up the point that it’s crucial to follow the instructions of the covering system that the builder selects. Popular systems including Polyfiber, Stewarts, and Oratex vary greatly with crucial details. In a recent case, reinforcing tapes were able to peel up with fingernail intervention, which prompts Bob to bring up that point.
Bob and Mike have been busy building engines, trying to reduce the lead time which has grown long due to strong demand.
His Bearhawk LSA is back to flying status, thanks to builder Collin Campbell in Missouri. Bob flew the airplane home and was pleased to report it flies straight after the extensive rebuild. Some of the original engine parts fly again in the new plane. Continue reading

2019 Kit Upgrades, Skylight Detail

Source: 2019 Q4 Beartracks, Mark Goldberg
Over the last year and a half, we have made a number of changes to the kits. The purpose of this write up is to detail the most recent changes we have made in the Quick Build kits.
But first, let me go back to May 2018 to begin. Bob Barrows made the trip to the kit factory with me back then. We successfully showed the workers some new tricks. Really three things:
1) Bob showed the guys how to drill the wings to the fuselage and drill the wing struts.
2) Bob showed the workers how to make up the fuel tank straps and install the fuel tanks in the wings with the filler neck sticking out.
3) Bob calculated the lead weight needed for the elevator’s counter weights when the elevators are covered with the lightest fabric, Oratex. The lead is melted and installed on the elevators. Room is left for more lead/epoxy slurry if a builder uses a heavier fabric process or sprays a lot of paint.
More recently, we made two additional changes to the kits. Ever since kit production began in 2001, many builders have modified the ceiling for a skylight instead of a fabric ceiling as Bob intended. Our intention was to come up with a ceiling modification where a skylight could be installed with no modification but fabric could continue to be used for those of us suffering through the heat of summer down South. Bob designed a system using 5052 aluminum of .050 as used on the fuel tanks.
As you see in the pictures, the very easy installation is to slide the Lexan in from the side for the two outer panels. The Lexan is captured on three sides by the channels made from the aluminum. This ceiling retains some of the “hump” in the middle so the fabric will behave if an all-fabric ceiling is installed. The aluminum channels are held by three “stand offs” welded to the tubing as opposed to the two that previously connected the ceiling to the tubing. After sliding the Lexan into place, it is screwed down to the square tubing above the upper longeron that follows the shape of the upper wing skin. It is recommended to use bigger holes (like 3/16”), then bush a #6 screw with nylon or rubber line. This helps prevent cracking as the Lexan expands and contracts differently from heat and cold than the steel or aluminum around it.
It should be possible and easy to install a Lexan panel on the center section also. A builder would use two additional pieces of the channel but facing the opposite direction of the existing channels running front to back.
At the factory in December, per Bob’s instructions – I showed the workers how to final drill the aileron and flap hinges to their spars after placing the ailerons & flaps in their correct positions.
Detailed photos of the new skylight accomodations:

Making the Windshield Lower Fairing Strip

Because of variations from builder to builder, if Bearhawk Aircraft were to provide the lower windshield fairing, it probably wouldn’t fit well. For that reason, it’s best if each builder fabricates his own.
If you’re a sheet metal guy with shrinkers and stretchers, you can make this out of aluminum, but most will find it much easier, if a little messy, to make this out of fiberglass right on the airplane.
If you’ve never used fiberglass, it’s easy to learn. Go down to your local boat shop and pick up some fine-weave cloth and a slow-setting epoxy mix. If they have the glass in four-inch strips, that’s what you’ll want. Also round up a box of nitrile gloves, a roll or two of clear packing tape, disposable paper cups and sticks for mixing, a disposable bristle brush, squeegee (old credit cards work great), and some wax or mold release. The first step in the process is to cover every bit of the airplane and the floor within three or four feet of the windshield with protective sheeting because you’re going to make a terrific mess.
To keep the fiberglass from sticking to the fuselage or windshield, everything should be liberally coated with mold release (automotive wax will work). Mask the boot cowl and windshield with tape (electrical, packing tape, etc) and then wax that tape. Apply at least one layer of the tape perpendicular to the joint between the windshield and boot cowl, and it will bridge gaps at the bottom of the windshield and make a smoother intersection in that area, which will make your life easier, when putting the fiberglass strips in place.

Set up a piece of plywood on some saw horses close to where you’ll be working as a temporary work surface and cover it with polypropylene sheeting (or a trash bag, or wax paper). Stretch it tight and staple it so it won’t move while you’re working on it.
You’re going to use this surface to stretch your glass strips out on and soak them prior to laying them up on the windshield. Depending on the thickness of the cloth you’re using, you’ll be laying up a minimum of six layers with seven to ten being better.
You’ll need help doing this, or you’ll make even a bigger mess than normal. Lay out enough strips to make ten layers and make them at least six inches longer than needed so you don’t have to worry about positioning. You’re going to be doing a lot of trimming and sanding after it cures, so better to have too much. Mix up more resin then you think you can possible use because you definitely don’t want to run short. Using a stiff brush, saturate each of the strips. You’ll see the strip go transparent as it becomes thoroughly wet. We do it this way because the working time of the epoxy is longer when spread out in the strips. When it is in the cup, the mixture will start to warm itself, leading to a faster cure time.
Have your helper grab one end of a piece and the two of you walk it over the nose and lay it in place around the bottom of the windshield. Press it down and use a small squeegee to get any bubbles out.
Keep laying strips on top of one another, trying to keep the edges even and the strips centered. However, it isn’t critical they be perfect because you’ll be sanding later. What is critical is that you try to squeegee out as much resin as you can from each layer and make sure there are no bubbles or dry spots, as indicated by white areas. Pay particular attention to the bottom, rear corners and you may want to cut some short strips and widen out the ends to cover the gaps. If in doubt, make the fairing larger than necessary, since you can always cut it off later.
When everything has cured, but before removing it, run masking tape from side to side on the fairing that indicates where you’ll trim it. Then carefully mark the edges of the tape so you have straight lines from end to end to trim to. From this point on it is more body work than airplane work. Use a lightweight, non-shrinking filler like Polyfiber Superfil. Avoid automotive fillers like Bondo, which are too heavy. A good filler will sand easily. Use a compatible filler- if you used epoxy in the fiberglass, you’ll have to use epoxy-based filler. If polester vinyl resin is used, you can use a filler based on epoxy or vinyl-ester. When the unit is all finished, you’ll want to mount it to the boot cowl with #8 screws, using nut plates under the aluminum. Don’t drill any holes from the fairing into the windshield.
Laying the soaked cloth strips in position is messy and needs two sets of hands. Cover everything in sight to protect it. The material will stretch and conform but be sure to roll out any bubbles and excess resin.
Trim the edges then sand and fill as if you’re doing sheetrock or automotive body work.

Installing the Windshield

Note: you can’t permanently install the fuselage until the fabric is on, because at the top of the windshield the fabric wraps around into the channel.

The holes you’ll drill for the mounting tabs are the only holes you’ll drill in the windshield. Later, when you’re attaching fairing strips, none of those screws go into the windshield.

The original Bearhawk arrangement was to use a Cessna 170 windshield that was substantially trimmed to fit the Bearhawk. At some point along the line, a kind builder sent his trimmed windshield to the windshield manufacturer, and the “Bearhawk” windshield was born. You may find that the windshield needs some minimal trimming. If it does, use a rotary abrasive disk, and not any kind of saw, especially not one that reciprocates.
Leave the protective plastic covering on the windshield until the last minute, but don’t leave it somewhere where it can get hot, because the plastic covering has been known to become seriously stuck to the windshield and hard to remove.
In order to install the windshield, you’ll need to have completed the boot cowl, and it is best to wait until the wings are also mounted. The top corners of the windshield should flow right into the wing roots and without the wings you have nothing to reference to, so there’s the chance the alignment won’t be quite right and your windshield/wing fairing will look funky.
If circumstances require you to fit the windshield without the wings in place, you can use drawing number 7 from the plans (the airfoil mylar) and make a dummy root rib out of plywood. Then spend some time measuring your wings getting the exact dimension from the front of the wing fittings to the nose of the wing. Also see exactly how far the wing mount bolt hole is from the rib. You can make up a wood jig that holds the plywood rib in position where the wing would be and build the windshield to that.
Check and double check your dummy rib against the wings and the fuselage to make sure you have it in the right place. It’s safer to wait until the wings are in place to make sure you get it right.
Installing the windshield isn’t particularly difficult, but it is an expensive, one-piece, high visibility part that is easy to damage. It can be tedious because the generally brittle nature of the material, which demands that you make haste very slowly. It’s easy to scratch or crack it, so think of the cost and fragility every time you approach it.
You’ll need a 1/4” plexiglass drill bit and some extra sanding wheels for your angle head grinder. Don’t yield to temptation and try to drill plexi with regular bits. If they grab, you’ll be ordering another windshield.
The top of the windshield should slide into the channel at the top of the fuselage. On the aft vertical sides of the windshield, the acrylic goes outside of the tabs on the fuselage. The bottom tab won’t be used because the windshield doesn’t go down that far.
Trimming to fit
First, choose a good work environment. Don’t work when the shop is cold, because the acrylic will be more brittle. There is so little trimming needed that it could all be done with a handheld file. If you find you need more trimming, consider the abrasive wheel in an pneumatic angle grinder, or if you have lots of material to remove and are feeling lucky, a 60 grit flapper wheel on a 4” angle head grinder.
The procedure is literally a “cut and try” operation. Sit it up in place and see how high the back of it is above the channel in the back. Make sure you don’t lean it back to make it hit the channel and, in so doing, change the line of the windshield to the cabin roof. If should flow smoothly over the top. This is decided by eye. The amount it sits above the channel tells you how much it needs to come down and most of that will come out of the front middle at the bottom. Slowly grind away material until you get it set vertically, then tackle the horizontal (back) trimming, if any is required. Quite often little or none is required. Do your trimming very, very slowly. Lay a marker flat on the sheet metal and slide it around the sheet metal against the plexi. It’ll leave a mark that exactly follows the surface, but 1/4” or so up. You don’t want to cut to that line, but you do want to parallel it, so make a similar line about 1/16” up from the edge of the plexi and grind to that mark. Then put it on the airplane and see how it fits. Then make another mark 1/16” up from that edge. Try it out. Keep doing this process until it fits.
Take your time. Building the airplane is going to take a long time, but you’re going to keep it and fly it much, much longer than that, so there’s no reason to rush.
You’ll notice, as you’re trimming, that there are large gaps at the bottom rear corners where the instrument panel hits the side tubing. Don’t worry about those. They are covered by the fairing strip you’ll be fabricating.
Drilling the Mounting Holes
Use a bit designed for acrylic for all initial holes. Existing holes can be enlarged with a step drill. In both cases, spin the bit fast, and feed the bit very slowly. Let the bit generate some heat and slowly worry its way through the acrylic rather than actually cutting. This is a very iffy operation and the slower feed, the better you’ll be. It is suggested that you paint stripes or something on the shanks of your acrylic bits as soon as you get them so you can’t possibly pick up the wrong bit later on.
The only fasteners holding the windshield to the airplane are the screws at the side tabs, which are plenty. However, there’s a procedure to be followed when drilling those holes. We recommend that the holes in acrylic should be larger than the screws going through them to give room for thermal expansion and contraction, and to keep vibration from causing cracks because the acrylic is touching a screw shank. For example, use 1/4” holes but #8 screws. When you’re all done, if you have a screw that’s not in the middle of the hole but is touching the edge, use a round file (the kind used for sharpening chain saws) to open the hole up a little. You can bush the screws with rubber tubing to fill the holes, if desired.
Drill #30 guide holes in the steel tabs first with a regular bit. Then mount the windshield. With the windshield in position (hold it with lots of tape and/or an assistant), using a 1/8 acrylic bit, match drill a 1/8 hole through the plastic from inside, using the tab holes as guides. Use very little pressure and let the bit grind its way through. Hold a block of wood on the outside to back it up to prevent flexing and to keep the drill from slamming forward, when the bit breaks through. As you feel it starting to come through the plastic, ease off the drill pressure.
Remove the windshield and bring the holes in the windshield up to 1/4” using the acrylic bit or finely-incremented step drill, and moving slowly. After all the holes are drilled, come back with a 3/8” conventional bit and lightly twirl it in your fingers to debur/chamfer the edges of each hole in the windshield to remove stress risers.
Open the holes in the steel tabs up to 3/16 using a regular bit.
Center Supports
The plans call for an angled strip that runs around the inside of the windshield at the bottom to keep it from moving backward under air load. It doesn’t need to be a continuous strip, though you can make one if you are handy with a shrinker and stretcher. Three pieces of .032 bent to match the windshield angle, three inches long each with one inch legs and distributed across the center of the windshield will more than do the job. This photo shows a longer strip:

Bend the back-up aluminum so it exactly matches the slope of the windshield and the panel top. Be sure to round the corners and smooth the edges. Also bond thin rubber to the front surface or tape it so there is a chaffing surface to protect the windshield. These angle pieces are attached only to the boot cowl; they rest on the inside of the windshield. Drill the holes in the lower flange of the angles and snuggle them up against the back edge of the inside of the windshield. Mark the hole position in the boot cowl (top of the panel). You can’t drill the holes until you remove the windshield. Use #8 screws and nutplates to mount. Put nutplates inside the instrument panel top to receive these screws.
You’ll later create fairings to close the gap between the wing root and the fuselage, which is why the location of the windshield relative to the wing leading edge is important
Gaps can be sealed with 3m caulk sticks.

Bearhawk Windshield from the Cessna 170 Windshield

Source: 2000 Beartracks, Bob Barrows

We have had a couple of phone calls about the windshield needed for the BEARHAWK. Order from LP AERO PLASTICS INC. 1086 Boquet Road – Jeannette, PA 15644. You can contact them directly at 800/957-2376 or 724/744-7372 (fax). Ask to speak with George.

Be sure to order Cessna windshield for BEARHAWK #312 or #312.187. #312 is 1/8″ thick and #312.187 is 3/16″ thick.

DO NOT ORDER #312CON or #312CMB!!! The CON and CMB are more expensive and have an extra plastic strip glued along the top edge and will not fit.

If you have any questions give us a call or deal directly with George at LP AERO.

Bob’s Method for Installing the Windshield

Source: 1998 Beartracks, Bob Barrows

The windshield is fitted in place after the boot cowl is made and installed.



The windshield is held in place at the top by sliding into the windshield mounting (section T-T dwg. 16), by tabs which are welded to vertical T14 tubes at section B-P, and by a fairing and backup strip at the intersection of the windshield and the boot cowling.



NOTE: Do not remove the protective film from the windshield. Cut the windshield to fit the boot cowl using a 1/32″ thick 3″ diameter high speed cut off wheel mounted on an air die grinder. Do not attempt to cut the windshield to fit all at once. You should take off no more than 1/2″ inch at each pass.

After the proper fit is obtained hand sand smooth all edges of the windshield.

Windshield Fairing

The Fiberglass fairing is made up of about 8-10 layers of 4″ fiberglass tape, then trimmed to size and sanded smooth.

To make the fiberglass fairing at the bottom of the windshield, tape the windshield in its proper location and cover it and the boot cowl with black electrical tape. Cover the bottom 4″ of the windshield and the front 4″ of the boot cowl where it intersects the windshield. Add a good coat of wax to the taped area and lay up the cloth.

Some of you may be able to make this fairing out of 5052 aluminum. I hope that someone does.

As shown in the photo the fairing goes from the T14 tube around the front of the windshield and back to the T14 tube on the other side of the fuselage.



The back up strip of .032 5052 H32 aluminum is first bent about 110° on a brake, then stretched and shrunk as needed to match up with the windshield and boot cowl. Both the back up strip and the fairing are attached to the boot cowl using #6 screws about 3″ apart with nut plates on the boot cowl.